SS4 cDNA ORF clone, Arabidopsis thaliana(thale cress)

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Nature402(6763)769-77(1999 Dec)

SS4 plays a key role in granule initiation, allowing it to proceed in a way that avoids premature degradation of primers by starch hydrolases, such as AMY3.
Title: Degradation of Glucan Primers in the Absence of Starch Synthase 4 Disrupts Starch Granule Initiation in Arabidopsis.

SS4 forms dimers, which depends on a region located between the coiled-coil region and the glycosyltransferase domain of SS4. This region is highly conserved between all SS4 enzymes sequenced to date. We show that the dimerization seems to be necessary for the activity of the enzyme.
Title: The N-terminal Part of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch Synthase 4 Determines the Localization and Activity of the Enzyme.

SS4 is an essential component of a mechanism that coordinates granule formation with chloroplast division during leaf expansion.
Title: Starch synthase 4 is essential for coordination of starch granule formation with chloroplast division during Arabidopsis leaf expansion.

Overexpression of SSIV induces the accumulation of starch in Arabidopsis.
Title: Enhancing the expression of starch synthase class IV results in increased levels of both transitory and long-term storage starch.

The data point to a complex mechanism for starch granule formation and to the different abilities of SSIV and SSIII to support this process in Arabidopsis leaves.
Title: Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis requires the presence of either class IV or class III starch synthases.